如何巧记初中七年级词汇
贵州省镇远县第三初级中学 周尚芬
对英语的新鲜,好奇,向往,随着26个字母教学结束,开始进入了英语教学实质的最头疼的阶段----词汇。众所周知,词汇是英语的重要组成部分,是组成语言的基本材料,没有词汇,也就没有句子,更无语言。英语中词汇学习始终贯穿整个过程。因此掌握一定的词汇,对于提高学生的听、说、读、写技能必不可少,更能提高学生学习英语兴趣。如何巧记词汇呢?我从以下几个方面着手:
一、按发音规律,联想巧记忆
部分单词可以利用元音字母在开音节和闭音节中,语音相似或者结构相似联想记忆。
1、元音字母在开闭音节中的读音规律。
/ei/ age cage page take lake make name game face grade
Aa
/æ/ an and land bad dad can man pan hand pal bank back as at animal avenue
/ i:/ be bee he she we me
Ee
/e/ bed belt red yes pen pencil lesson else get test next west went spend
/ ai/ I bike like fine kite write rice nice ice size white
Ii
/i / it is bit hit did ill sick sit if in give big rich this think thick
/ou / no go joke old
Oo
/ / not lot hot of office post shop stop top box
/ju:/ cute humid
Uu
/∧/ but bus cup us culture hungry just study sun sunny sunglasses ugly
二、 同音异形巧记法
I-eye be-bee to-too-two son-sun R-are-ah buy-bye-by here-hear high-hi meet-meat four-for see-sea there-their wear-where week-weak weather-whether no-know our-hour
三、反义词(对应词)巧记法
1.above - below 2. after - before 3. always-never
4 .ask - answer 5. At night-in the daytime
6 .back - front 7. bad - good 8. behind-in front of
9. big - small 10. black-white 11 .borrow - lend
12. borrow-lend 13. bring-take 14 .busy- free
15. buy - sell 16. cheap - dear / expensive
17 .clean - dirty 18. clever - foolish 19 .come - go
20. cool - warm 21. cry - laugh 22. dangerous—safe
23. dark - bright / light 24. different - same
25. down - up 26. dry - wet 27. easy - hard / difficult
28 .far - near 29. few—many 30. finish--begin(start)
31.forget-remember 32.from---to 33.full--hungry(empty)
34. give---take 35 .happy—sad 36 .hate - like / love
37. heavy - light 38. here - there 39. high - low
40. hot - cold 41. ill - well 42 . in—out
43 .inside—outside 44 .into--out of 45. last—first
46. late - early 47. learn-teach 48. leave-stay
49. left - right 50. like—unlike 51. little---much
52. long—short 53 .lost-found 54. move--stay
55. new - old 56 .noisy - quiet 57. yes—no
58. plus - minus 59. poor--rich 60 .pull - push
61. put on--take off 62. quick—slow 63. rich - poor
64 .right---wrong 65 .safe - dangerous
66. short—tall/high 67. sit down---stand up
68. sit(坐)—stand 69. sleep - wake 70. slow - fast
71 .strong - weak 72. tall – short 73. these—those
74. thin - fat / thick 75. this—that 76. young - old
77. wake up--go to sleep 78. work—rest
79. open—close/closed 80. upstairs - downstairs
四、单词分类巧记法
1、季节: spring summer antumn winter(春夏秋冬)
2、月份: 一月January 二月february三月March 四月April 五月May 六月June 七月July 八月August
九月September 十月October 十一月November 十二月December
3、星期: Sunday星期日 Monday星期一 Tuesday星期二 Wednesday 星期三 Thursday星期四
Friday 星期五Saturday六
4、数词:one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
5、序数词、first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth
6、学习用品
book bag dicttionery case pencil fountain pen ruler rubber the writing brush books text book ball pen volume compares the knife knife compass pencil-box
7、水果蔬菜、
fruit水果 banana 香蕉 orange 橙子 strawberry草莓 pear 梨 peach 桃子apple苹果 apricot杏子 carambola杨桃
cherry樱桃 date枣 grape葡萄 lemon柠檬 mango芒果 pineapple菠萝 plum李子 strawberry草莓 watermelon西瓜 vegetable蔬菜 carrot胡萝卜 potato土豆 tomato 西红柿
tomato 番茄 broccoli 花椰菜carrot 胡萝卜eggplant 茄子 cucumber 黄瓜 pumpkin 南瓜 string bean 四季豆 pea 豌豆 onion 洋葱
8、动物
giraffe 长颈鹿 lion 狮子 monkey 猴子 elephant 大象 horse 马 bear 熊 kangaroo 袋鼠 ox 牛 sheep 绵羊 dog 狗 cat 猫 pig 猪 chicken 鸡 snake 蛇 rabbit 兔子 frog 青蛙 duck 鸭子 tortoise 乌龟
goose 鹅 fox 狐狸 panda 熊猫 mouse老鼠 wolf 狼 penguin 企鹅 bee 蜜蜂 fish 鱼 deer 鹿
9、人体
body leg arm head foot(feet) hand nose
eye mouth ear shoulder stomach elbow knee toe
finger
当然,就这样分类是远远不够的,我们还需要举一反三,让词汇和生活发生联系,以句子的形式来熟悉词的用法。如在教学Son时引导学生说:I`m my parents’ son. You are your mother’s son (sun). "dog"一词在中国我们都称他为人类忠实的朋友,I like playing with dogs. 另dog eat dog却是你死我活。Stop dog是止动器 。在外国dog被视为与人一样尊贵的动物;因而有"love me,love my dog"之 说。其次,我们要尽可能的调动学生的多感官来学英语。比如,把单词编成歌曲,叫学生唱。把词汇编成谜语,让学生猜。把词汇写成卡通形式和一些实物联系起来。如monkey,写得卡通一点就很像猴子,这样学生会很开心。
总之,词汇不能只抽象的要求学生强记词汇,而是激活学生的思维、想象、记忆,激起学生交谈的兴致,活跃课堂气氛,吸引学生的注意力,让学生初次接触词汇时,词汇就在他们头脑里留下鲜明而深刻的印象。让学生在富有乐趣、轻松愉快的氛围中学习词汇,使用词汇。